Mexico · Monthly
August 2026
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Version history (3)
- version 3 · Final · 2026-10-11 — no change in the headline figures
- version 2 · Final · 2026-10-11
- version 1 · Final · 2026-10-11 — first issue
1 Key messages and climate synopsis
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL, UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL, UCSB Climate Hazards Center
2 Global and regional climate drivers
Sea-surface temperature anomaly, August 2026 (°C, 1991–2020)
Source: NOAA NCEI / PSL
Sea-surface temperature anomaly in the Niño regions (°C)
| Region | Anomaly (°C) | Change from preceding period (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Niño 1+2 | 4.1 | 0.5 |
| Niño 3 | 3.1 | 0.8 |
| Niño 3.4 | 2.5 | 0.5 |
| Niño 4 | 0.9 | −0.1 |
Mean of the months in the period (OISST v2.1)
Source: NOAA CPC
El Niño conditions of strong intensity: the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) for JJA 2026 was +1.8 °C.
Source: NOAA CPC
Monthly Niño 3.4 anomaly, last 24 months (°C)
Source: NOAA CPC
MJO phase diagram (real-time OMI)
Source: NOAA PSL
Teleconnection indices
| Index | Value | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| PDO | −1.9 | Negative |
| NAO | −1.9 | Negative |
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
Source: NOAA CPC, NOAA NCEI
The Niño 3.4 anomaly was +2.52 °C (+0.49 °C relative to the preceding period).
The MJO was active on 4 of 31 days, most often in phase 7 (Western Pacific); mean amplitude 0.6.
Other indices: PDO −1.89 (negative phase); NAO −1.92 (negative phase).
3 Precipitation
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Accumulated precipitation
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Percent of normal precipitation (1991–2020)
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Percent of normal by state
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Precipitation by region
| Region | Total (mm) | Normal (mm) | Difference (%) | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest | 76.6 | 84.5 | −9.4 | Near normal |
| North | 56.0 | 96.5 | −41.9 | Below normal |
| Northeast | 24.5 | 76.5 | −67.9 | Much below normal |
| North-central | 54.7 | 90.8 | −39.8 | Below normal |
| West-central | 145.7 | 207.1 | −29.6 | Below normal |
| Central | 96.4 | 160.0 | −39.8 | Below normal |
| South | 129.6 | 288.8 | −55.1 | Below normal |
| East | 147.4 | 265.7 | −44.5 | Below normal |
| Yucatán Peninsula | 157.7 | 182.0 | −13.4 | Near normal |
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Stations with the largest precipitation excess
| Region | State | Station | Altitude (m) | Anomaly (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest | Baja California Sur | La Paz (City) | 18.0 | 241.5 |
| East | Veracruz | Jalapa | 1389.0 | 45.8 |
| North | Durango | Durango | 1872.0 | 42.3 |
| South | Chiapas | Comitan | 1646.0 | 21.6 |
| North | Coahuila | Saltillo | 1790.0 | 20.2 |
| Northeast | Tamaulipas | Tampico | 25.0 | 9.0 |
| Central | Estado de México | Toluca (Obs) | 2726.0 | 1.8 |
| Central | Tlaxcala | Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge) | 2230.0 | 1.0 |
Source: NOAA NCEI
Stations with the largest precipitation deficit
| Region | State | Station | Altitude (m) | Anomaly (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest | Baja California | Ejido Nuevo Leon (Obs) | 11.0 | −100.0 |
| Yucatán Peninsula | Yucatán | Progreso | 2.0 | −86.6 |
| South | Chiapas | Francisco Sarabia | 1052.0 | −57.0 |
| North | Chihuahua | Temosachi (Obs) | 1932.0 | −53.9 |
| Northeast | Tamaulipas | Ciudad Victoria | 355.0 | −27.1 |
Source: NOAA NCEI
Largest 24-hour rainfall at stations
| Station | State | Max 24 h rainfall (mm) | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hacienda Ylang Ylang Veracruz | Veracruz | 138.3 | 2026-08-18 |
| Villahermosa | Tabasco | 88.5 | 2026-08-18 |
| Orizaba | Veracruz | 84.4 | 2026-08-18 |
| Coatzacoalcos | Veracruz | 78.1 | 2026-08-18 |
| Jalapa | Veracruz | 70.0 | 2026-08-18 |
| Sn. Cristobal Las Casas | Chiapas | 65.3 | 2026-08-04 |
| Zamora | Michoacán | 63.0 | 2026-08-05 |
| Chilpancingo Ro. | Guerrero | 59.4 | 2026-08-02 |
| Mexico City | Ciudad de México | 54.7 | 2026-08-18 |
| Tuxpan.Ver. | Veracruz | 53.8 | 2026-08-24 |
Source: NOAA NCEI
Daily national mean precipitation
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Daily national mean and grid-cell maximum
| Day | National mean (mm) | Grid maximum (mm) | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-01 | 1.7 | 34.8 | Chihuahua |
| 2026-08-02 | 2.1 | 34.4 | Zacatecas |
| 2026-08-03 | 4.5 | 62.0 | Sinaloa |
| 2026-08-04 | 3.2 | 47.5 | Chihuahua |
| 2026-08-05 | 3.1 | 40.7 | Chiapas |
| 2026-08-06 | 4.3 | 51.0 | Campeche |
| 2026-08-07 | 3.4 | 72.7 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-08-08 | 4.0 | 66.7 | Durango |
| 2026-08-09 | 3.3 | 44.5 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-08-10 | 3.4 | 54.6 | Campeche |
| 2026-08-11 | 4.3 | 57.6 | Colima |
| 2026-08-12 | 4.2 | 49.2 | Campeche |
| 2026-08-13 | 2.6 | 43.4 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-08-14 | 2.4 | 40.4 | Puebla |
| 2026-08-15 | 2.6 | 37.6 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-08-16 | 2.9 | 94.7 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-08-17 | 3.2 | 46.1 | Yucatán |
| 2026-08-18 | 4.4 | 61.9 | Campeche |
| 2026-08-19 | 2.0 | 57.8 | Veracruz |
| 2026-08-20 | 1.3 | 42.7 | Jalisco |
| 2026-08-21 | 1.8 | 55.8 | Guerrero |
| 2026-08-22 | 2.2 | 53.5 | Colima |
| 2026-08-23 | 4.4 | 86.3 | Veracruz |
| 2026-08-24 | 2.7 | 45.0 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-08-25 | 1.6 | 22.3 | Querétaro |
| 2026-08-26 | 1.3 | 33.8 | Chiapas |
| 2026-08-27 | 1.7 | 41.4 | Veracruz |
| 2026-08-28 | 1.7 | 54.8 | Veracruz |
| 2026-08-29 | 2.7 | 48.7 | Guerrero |
| 2026-08-30 | 2.9 | 42.6 | Campeche |
| 2026-08-31 | 3.6 | 60.7 | Jalisco |
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
National precipitation in August of each year
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
National accumulated precipitation was 89.6 mm, 62% of the 1991–2020 average (144.2 mm), category “Below normal”. It was the driest August in the 1981–2026 series.
The region with the highest percentage of normal was Northwest (91%) and the lowest was Northeast (32%).
The largest daily grid-cell total was estimated on 16 August in Oaxaca (94.7 mm).
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
4 Temperature
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Mean temperature
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Mean temperature anomaly (1991–2020)
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Mean temperature anomaly by state
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
National mean temperature anomaly in August of each year
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
The national mean temperature was 27.3 °C, 1.7 °C above the 1991–2020 average (25.7 °C), category “Well above normal”. It was the 2nd warmest August in the 1979–2026 series.
By region, the largest anomaly was in North (+2.0 °C) and the smallest in Yucatán Peninsula (+1.1 °C).
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Maximum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Daily national maximum temperature
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
The national maximum temperature was 34.1 °C, 3.2 °C above the 1991–2020 average (30.9 °C), category “Extremely above normal”. It was the warmest August in the 1979–2026 series.
By region, the largest anomaly was in North (+3.9 °C) and the smallest in Yucatán Peninsula (+2.2 °C).
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Minimum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Daily national minimum temperature
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
The national minimum temperature was 20.6 °C, 0.1 °C above the 1991–2020 average (20.4 °C), category “Normal”. It was the 16th warmest August in the 1979–2026 series (tied with 2004, 2009, 2015).
By region, the largest anomaly was in Northwest (+1.2 °C) and the smallest in Central (−0.7 °C).
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
5 Climate extremes and records
Source: NOAA NCEI
Highest maximum temperature by state
| State | Station | Temperature (°C) | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chiapas | Comitan | 35.2 | 2026-08-19 |
| Chihuahua | Temosachi (Obs) | 34.2 | 2026-08-28 |
| Colima | Manzanillo | 38.2 | 2026-08-13 |
| Durango | Durango | 40.2 | 2026-08-16 |
| Jalisco | Ciudad Guzman | 37.2 | 2026-08-23 |
| Michoacán | Zamora | 38.1 | 2026-08-07 |
| Oaxaca | Oaxaca | 39.0 | 2026-08-08 |
| San Luis Potosí | Rio Verde | 40.4 | 2026-08-16 |
| Sinaloa | Choix | 41.6 | 2026-08-22 |
| Sonora | Puerto Penasco | 38.2 | 2026-08-08 |
| Tamaulipas | Tampico | 39.4 | 2026-08-13 |
| Tlaxcala | Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge) | 33.5 | 2026-08-12 |
| Veracruz | Tuxpan.Ver. | 38.9 | 2026-08-21 |
Source: NOAA NCEI
Lowest minimum temperature by state
| State | Station | Temperature (°C) | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baja California Sur | La Paz (City) | 20.6 | 2026-08-10 |
| Chiapas | Comitan | 10.5 | 2026-08-27 |
| Colima | Manzanillo | 19.8 | 2026-08-28 |
| Guerrero | Chilpancingo Ro. | 13.3 | 2026-08-31 |
| Jalisco | Ciudad Guzman | 12.8 | 2026-08-09 |
| Michoacán | Zamora | 11.6 | 2026-08-12 |
| Oaxaca | Huajuapan De Leon (Dge) | 12.4 | 2026-08-08 |
| Sinaloa | Colonia Juan Carras | 17.1 | 2026-08-07 |
| Sonora | Puerto Penasco | 29.0 | 2026-08-06 |
| Tamaulipas | Ciudad Victoria | 16.6 | 2026-08-14 |
| Veracruz | Jalapa | 11.8 | 2026-08-28 |
| Yucatán | Valladolid | 22.3 | 2026-08-08 |
Source: NOAA NCEI
Station records broken
| Station | State | Variable | New value | Date | Previous record | Previous date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Durango | Durango | Highest maximum temperature | 40.2 | 2026-08-16 | 37.2 | 2019-08-06 |
| Colonia Juan Carras | Sinaloa | Highest maximum temperature | 39.5 | 2026-08-28 | 38.3 | 2017-08-18 |
| Colonia Juan Carras | Sinaloa | Lowest minimum temperature | 17.1 | 2026-08-07 | 17.5 | 1991-08-26 |
| Zacatecas Zac. (La Bufa | Zacatecas | Highest 24 h rainfall | 51.2 | 2026-08-02 | 51.1 | 1990-08-10 |
| Tampico | Tamaulipas | Lowest minimum temperature | 19.5 | 2026-08-13 | 20.0 | 1978-08-22 |
| Guadalajara | Jalisco | Highest maximum temperature | 35.7 | 2026-08-23 | 32.8 | 2021-08-02 |
| Tuxpan.Ver. | Veracruz | Highest maximum temperature | 38.9 | 2026-08-21 | 38.2 | 2020-08-06 |
| Tuxpan.Ver. | Veracruz | Lowest minimum temperature | 17.8 | 2026-08-07 | 19.8 | 1989-08-28 |
| Manzanillo | Colima | Highest maximum temperature | 38.2 | 2026-08-13 | 38.0 | 1981-08-22 |
| Manzanillo | Colima | Lowest minimum temperature | 19.8 | 2026-08-28 | 20.0 | 1980-08-13 |
| Ciudad Guzman | Jalisco | Highest maximum temperature | 37.2 | 2026-08-23 | 32.8 | 2015-08-10 |
| Zamora | Michoacán | Highest maximum temperature | 38.1 | 2026-08-07 | 37.7 | 1961-08-25 |
| Morelia | Michoacán | Highest maximum temperature | 32.8 | 2026-08-28 | 31.5 | 2009-08-16 |
| Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge) | Tlaxcala | Highest maximum temperature | 33.5 | 2026-08-12 | 30.6 | 2001-08-19 |
| Jalapa | Veracruz | Highest maximum temperature | 33.6 | 2026-08-02 | 31.0 | 2019-08-28 |
| Hacienda Ylang Ylang Veracruz | Veracruz | Highest maximum temperature | 37.8 | 2026-08-23 | 37.2 | 2005-08-31 |
| Hacienda Ylang Ylang Veracruz | Veracruz | Lowest minimum temperature | 16.9 | 2026-08-23 | 17.8 | 1991-08-28 |
| Orizaba | Veracruz | Highest maximum temperature | 32.0 | 2026-08-28 | 30.8 | 2022-08-18 |
| Coatzacoalcos | Veracruz | Lowest minimum temperature | 17.0 | 2026-08-28 | 18.3 | 2005-08-20 |
| Oaxaca | Oaxaca | Highest maximum temperature | 39.0 | 2026-08-08 | 36.2 | 2009-08-15 |
| Sn. Cristobal Las Casas | Chiapas | Highest maximum temperature | 31.6 | 2026-08-14 | 28.0 | 2023-08-06 |
| Comitan | Chiapas | Highest maximum temperature | 35.2 | 2026-08-19 | 32.7 | 1991-08-14 |
Most extreme daily value of the period against the same period in all earlier years of record (at least 20 years; for weeks, the same calendar month).
Source: NOAA NCEI
Climate-extremes indices (national mean)
| Index | Description | Value | Normal | Difference | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TX90p | Warm days (Tmax > 90th percentile) | 61.5 | 10.0 | 51.5 | % |
| TN90p | Warm nights (Tmin > 90th percentile) | 8.8 | 10.0 | −1.2 | % |
| TX10p | Cool days (Tmax < 10th percentile) | 0.3 | 10.0 | −9.7 | % |
| TN10p | Cold nights (Tmin < 10th percentile) | 7.2 | 10.0 | −2.8 | % |
| FD | Frost days (Tmin < 0 °C) | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.0 | d |
| SU | Summer days (Tmax > 25 °C) | 30.5 | 27.2 | 3.3 | d |
| TR | Tropical nights (Tmin > 20 °C) | 17.9 | 17.5 | 0.4 | d |
| WSDI | Warm spell days (≥ 6 days) | 12.2 | — | — | d |
| CSDI | Cold spell days (≥ 6 days) | 0.1 | — | — | d |
| Rx1day | Maximum 1-day precipitation | 17.0 | 27.1 | −10.1 | mm |
| Rx5day | Maximum 5-day precipitation | 29.4 | 53.3 | −23.9 | mm |
| CDD | Consecutive dry days (< 1 mm) | 10.8 | 8.0 | 2.8 | d |
| CWD | Consecutive wet days (≥ 1 mm) | 3.7 | 5.7 | −1.9 | d |
Percentile indices relative to calendar-day percentiles of 1991–2020 (5-day window); counts and maxima averaged over the country's grid cells.
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Heat and cold waves
| Dates | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-03 – 2026-08-05 | Heat wave | Up to 63% of the country above the 90th percentile of Tmax. Regions: North, Northeast, North-central, West-central, Central, South, East and Yucatán Peninsula. |
| 2026-08-11 – 2026-08-31 | Heat wave | Up to 92% of the country above the 90th percentile of Tmax. Regions: Northwest, North, Northeast, North-central, West-central, Central, South, East and Yucatán Peninsula. |
Wave: at least 3 consecutive days with at least half of the country above the 90th percentile of maximum temperature (heat) or below the 10th percentile of minimum temperature (cold). At most the 10 most intense are listed.
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
6 Drought
Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) ending August 2026
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Share of the country by SPI category
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
States with the lowest SPI-3
| State | SPI-1 | SPI-3 | SPI-6 | SPI-12 | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chiapas | −2.7 | −2.2 | −2.1 | −1.3 | Extreme drought |
| Guerrero | −1.6 | −1.6 | −1.6 | −1.5 | Severe drought |
| Tabasco | −1.9 | −1.6 | −1.1 | −1.3 | Severe drought |
| Morelos | −2.6 | −1.5 | −1.2 | −0.2 | Moderate drought |
| Oaxaca | −2.1 | −1.4 | −1.2 | −1.2 | Moderate drought |
| Quintana Roo | −0.6 | −1.3 | −0.0 | −0.2 | Moderate drought |
| Puebla | −2.1 | −1.0 | −0.6 | −0.4 | Moderate drought |
| Nayarit | −2.5 | −1.0 | −1.1 | −0.3 | Moderate drought |
| Campeche | −0.4 | −0.9 | −0.4 | −0.9 | Mild drought |
| Chihuahua | −1.2 | −0.8 | −0.8 | −0.4 | Mild drought |
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
SPI-3 (Jun–Aug 2026): national mean −0.55; 29% of the country in drought (SPI ≤ −1.0) and 14% in severe or extreme drought.
Most affected states: Chiapas (−2.16), Guerrero (−1.63) and Tabasco (−1.60).
SPI-1 (August 2026): 48% of the country in drought.
SPI-6 (Mar–Aug 2026): 26% of the country in drought.
SPI-12 (Sep 2025–Aug 2026): 26% of the country in drought.
7 Severe weather and notable events
Tracks of nearby tropical cyclones
Source: NOAA NCEI
Tropical cyclones within 300 km of the country
| Name | Basin | Peak intensity | Maximum wind (km/h) | Start | End | Closest approach (km) | Landfall | Landfall intensity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iselle | Eastern North Pacific | Tropical storm | 111 | 2026-08-21 | 2026-08-27 | 135 | — | — |
Source: NOAA NCEI
Notable events
| Dates | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-21 – 2026-10-09 | Drought | GDACS Orange alert: Drought in The Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador. |
GDACS alerts and station rainfall of 150 mm or more in 24 hours (after quality control).
Source: GDACS
Tropical cyclones within 300 km of the country: 1 (Iselle).
9 Outlook
Outlook for September 2026: most likely tercile
Source: NOAA CPC
Outlook for Sep–Nov 2026: most likely tercile
Source: NOAA CPC
Probability of each tercile by region, Sep–Nov 2026 (%)
| Region | Precipitation: below | Precipitation: normal | Precipitation: above | Temp.: below | Temp.: normal | Temp.: above |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest | 17.0 | 27.0 | 55.0 | 23.0 | 29.0 | 48.0 |
| North | 27.0 | 30.0 | 43.0 | 21.0 | 32.0 | 47.0 |
| Northeast | 30.0 | 32.0 | 37.0 | 11.0 | 26.0 | 63.0 |
| North-central | 27.0 | 33.0 | 40.0 | 12.0 | 22.0 | 66.0 |
| West-central | 26.0 | 32.0 | 42.0 | 10.0 | 20.0 | 70.0 |
| Central | 35.0 | 33.0 | 33.0 | 5.0 | 26.0 | 69.0 |
| South | 48.0 | 29.0 | 24.0 | 14.0 | 26.0 | 60.0 |
| East | 52.0 | 29.0 | 19.0 | 13.0 | 21.0 | 66.0 |
| Yucatán Peninsula | 48.0 | 29.0 | 23.0 | 12.0 | 19.0 | 68.0 |
Source: NOAA CPC
Probabilistic outlook from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME), initialised in September 2026, relative to 1991–2020 terciles. It is not an official forecast: consult the national meteorological service.
Precipitation, September 2026: above normal is favoured over 25% of the country and below normal over 39%.
Mean temperature, September 2026: above normal is favoured over 97% of the country and below normal over 0%.
Precipitation, Sep–Nov 2026: above normal is favoured over 41% of the country and below normal over 22%.
Mean temperature, Sep–Nov 2026: above normal is favoured over 92% of the country and below normal over 0%.
10 Annexes
Report climate regions
Monthly precipitation by state (mm)
| State | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | 7.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 11.7 | 9.5 | 155.4 | 107.0 | 75.6 |
| Baja California | 16.4 | 24.3 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 4.9 | 8.6 |
| Baja California Sur | 18.6 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 9.1 | 39.5 |
| Campeche | 29.9 | 17.4 | 55.1 | 25.0 | 110.5 | 176.8 | 100.7 | 181.6 |
| Chiapas | 51.1 | 29.8 | 55.7 | 40.1 | 123.9 | 269.5 | 152.2 | 104.6 |
| Chihuahua | 27.3 | 15.2 | 13.1 | 10.7 | 10.0 | 71.1 | 86.1 | 57.9 |
| Ciudad de México | 1.0 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 57.5 | 99.9 | 225.1 | 159.5 | 180.7 |
| Coahuila | 14.6 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 19.4 | 34.8 | 51.4 | 62.7 | 11.3 |
| Colima | 18.9 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 3.0 | 146.0 | 159.9 | 191.9 |
| Durango | 33.5 | 1.1 | 7.5 | 4.9 | 18.3 | 91.1 | 140.0 | 107.2 |
| Guanajuato | 11.7 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 40.9 | 14.2 | 160.2 | 85.9 | 78.1 |
| Guerrero | 5.8 | 5.6 | 1.2 | 21.5 | 39.8 | 231.9 | 160.0 | 175.6 |
| Hidalgo | 8.0 | 2.3 | 15.3 | 41.5 | 131.7 | 197.2 | 68.5 | 76.1 |
| Jalisco | 15.7 | 0.7 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 171.9 | 187.5 | 168.2 |
| Estado de México | 8.6 | 0.4 | 2.8 | 61.5 | 91.2 | 207.6 | 145.0 | 158.1 |
| Michoacán | 13.9 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 17.1 | 20.6 | 178.0 | 193.8 | 140.4 |
| Morelos | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 44.5 | 57.3 | 281.8 | 135.1 | 101.3 |
| Nayarit | 15.0 | 0.6 | 8.1 | 0.5 | 4.9 | 162.3 | 287.9 | 172.2 |
| Nuevo León | 7.5 | 0.1 | 4.8 | 57.9 | 93.4 | 113.7 | 32.4 | 26.3 |
| Oaxaca | 18.1 | 15.4 | 14.5 | 46.3 | 88.1 | 284.3 | 150.2 | 117.7 |
| Puebla | 9.1 | 6.3 | 12.1 | 54.0 | 89.6 | 222.5 | 109.4 | 75.4 |
| Querétaro | 5.8 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 45.2 | 74.1 | 187.8 | 58.0 | 68.1 |
| Quintana Roo | 39.6 | 20.6 | 116.5 | 51.6 | 175.7 | 113.4 | 84.8 | 123.0 |
| San Luis Potosí | 9.3 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 24.6 | 64.8 | 169.3 | 56.0 | 40.5 |
| Sinaloa | 36.9 | 4.6 | 8.1 | 1.6 | 6.3 | 54.0 | 224.7 | 195.7 |
| Sonora | 38.1 | 11.6 | 16.3 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 14.1 | 102.9 | 82.2 |
| Tabasco | 136.7 | 43.6 | 114.7 | 52.8 | 84.0 | 205.9 | 108.7 | 113.8 |
| Tamaulipas | 4.1 | 0.1 | 2.8 | 57.5 | 134.1 | 177.5 | 33.8 | 23.1 |
| Tlaxcala | 1.4 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 88.5 | 100.4 | 174.6 | 98.0 | 83.2 |
| Veracruz | 51.1 | 27.3 | 25.4 | 48.1 | 103.2 | 300.7 | 194.2 | 158.9 |
| Yucatán | 21.8 | 10.4 | 68.6 | 39.9 | 164.0 | 190.6 | 121.0 | 162.1 |
| Zacatecas | 13.2 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 8.3 | 13.7 | 113.7 | 76.2 | 66.3 |
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Monthly maximum temperature by state (°C)
| State | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | 22.8 | 27.4 | 28.3 | 31.3 | 31.9 | 27.6 | 27.8 | 28.7 |
| Baja California | 21.2 | 23.2 | 28.1 | 25.4 | 27.2 | 31.6 | 33.8 | 34.5 |
| Baja California Sur | 25.5 | 27.5 | 30.1 | 30.1 | 30.3 | 33.5 | 35.9 | 36.7 |
| Campeche | 28.5 | 30.1 | 32.4 | 35.4 | 37.0 | 35.5 | 35.3 | 35.6 |
| Chiapas | 27.8 | 29.1 | 30.8 | 33.1 | 34.5 | 32.5 | 32.6 | 32.9 |
| Chihuahua | 19.1 | 24.1 | 29.1 | 29.3 | 32.4 | 35.5 | 34.1 | 34.6 |
| Ciudad de México | 21.0 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 25.9 | 26.2 | 22.8 | 23.7 | 24.2 |
| Coahuila | 20.6 | 27.7 | 30.7 | 30.4 | 33.5 | 35.4 | 34.8 | 36.9 |
| Colima | 31.1 | 31.9 | 32.6 | 33.6 | 34.8 | 33.2 | 34.2 | 34.1 |
| Durango | 22.3 | 27.2 | 29.4 | 32.1 | 32.8 | 32.9 | 31.2 | 32.1 |
| Guanajuato | 25.1 | 29.2 | 29.7 | 32.8 | 33.5 | 29.2 | 29.8 | 30.3 |
| Guerrero | 32.1 | 33.7 | 33.5 | 35.2 | 35.8 | 31.8 | 33.6 | 33.4 |
| Hidalgo | 22.2 | 25.9 | 26.5 | 29.6 | 30.7 | 28.1 | 28.3 | 29.1 |
| Jalisco | 27.4 | 30.0 | 30.9 | 33.2 | 34.2 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 30.7 |
| Estado de México | 24.1 | 27.3 | 26.6 | 29.3 | 29.7 | 25.8 | 26.5 | 26.8 |
| Michoacán | 30.8 | 33.4 | 33.8 | 35.8 | 36.4 | 31.6 | 32.2 | 32.4 |
| Morelos | 29.0 | 32.3 | 32.1 | 34.9 | 35.0 | 29.8 | 31.6 | 32.3 |
| Nayarit | 28.4 | 30.3 | 31.2 | 33.3 | 34.5 | 31.3 | 31.6 | 32.6 |
| Nuevo León | 22.4 | 28.6 | 31.1 | 29.1 | 31.8 | 33.5 | 34.9 | 36.1 |
| Oaxaca | 28.9 | 30.1 | 31.4 | 33.8 | 34.6 | 31.2 | 31.6 | 32.0 |
| Puebla | 25.9 | 28.6 | 28.8 | 31.2 | 32.2 | 28.8 | 29.4 | 29.9 |
| Querétaro | 23.4 | 27.6 | 28.4 | 30.9 | 32.1 | 28.6 | 28.8 | 29.9 |
| Quintana Roo | 29.0 | 30.2 | 32.0 | 33.7 | 35.1 | 34.6 | 35.1 | 35.5 |
| San Luis Potosí | 23.2 | 28.2 | 29.3 | 31.9 | 32.8 | 30.3 | 30.9 | 31.8 |
| Sinaloa | 29.1 | 30.8 | 32.7 | 35.1 | 36.4 | 36.6 | 36.6 | 36.3 |
| Sonora | 23.5 | 27.1 | 32.3 | 31.6 | 34.3 | 38.6 | 37.7 | 38.3 |
| Tabasco | 27.1 | 28.7 | 30.8 | 34.1 | 36.0 | 34.7 | 35.0 | 35.0 |
| Tamaulipas | 23.4 | 29.0 | 31.9 | 31.3 | 33.6 | 34.4 | 36.5 | 37.8 |
| Tlaxcala | 22.7 | 25.4 | 24.8 | 27.3 | 28.0 | 24.7 | 25.5 | 25.7 |
| Veracruz | 25.2 | 27.3 | 29.4 | 32.3 | 34.5 | 33.3 | 32.8 | 33.1 |
| Yucatán | 29.7 | 31.5 | 33.3 | 35.7 | 37.6 | 36.3 | 37.0 | 36.6 |
| Zacatecas | 20.7 | 25.8 | 26.7 | 29.8 | 30.3 | 27.8 | 27.8 | 28.5 |
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Monthly mean temperature by state (°C)
| State | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | 14.8 | 17.6 | 19.0 | 21.8 | 23.6 | 21.4 | 21.2 | 21.4 |
| Baja California | 16.2 | 17.6 | 21.8 | 20.2 | 21.5 | 26.0 | 29.0 | 29.9 |
| Baja California Sur | 19.7 | 21.0 | 23.7 | 23.8 | 23.8 | 27.5 | 30.0 | 31.3 |
| Campeche | 22.6 | 23.3 | 26.4 | 29.2 | 31.0 | 30.3 | 29.7 | 29.8 |
| Chiapas | 22.5 | 22.7 | 25.3 | 27.4 | 28.8 | 27.6 | 27.5 | 27.9 |
| Chihuahua | 10.5 | 14.6 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 23.1 | 27.2 | 26.5 | 26.5 |
| Ciudad de México | 12.7 | 14.4 | 14.9 | 17.9 | 18.4 | 16.6 | 17.0 | 17.3 |
| Coahuila | 12.8 | 18.4 | 21.8 | 23.1 | 25.8 | 28.4 | 28.1 | 29.5 |
| Colima | 25.2 | 25.6 | 25.8 | 27.2 | 29.1 | 28.6 | 29.0 | 28.9 |
| Durango | 13.9 | 17.1 | 19.4 | 22.1 | 23.7 | 25.2 | 23.9 | 24.3 |
| Guanajuato | 16.9 | 19.3 | 20.5 | 23.7 | 25.1 | 22.8 | 22.7 | 23.0 |
| Guerrero | 24.6 | 25.5 | 25.7 | 27.9 | 29.0 | 26.4 | 27.2 | 27.1 |
| Hidalgo | 14.9 | 16.8 | 18.2 | 21.5 | 22.9 | 21.9 | 21.5 | 21.9 |
| Jalisco | 19.4 | 21.1 | 21.9 | 24.1 | 25.9 | 24.3 | 24.2 | 24.2 |
| Estado de México | 15.2 | 16.7 | 17.5 | 20.5 | 21.3 | 19.4 | 19.3 | 19.5 |
| Michoacán | 22.0 | 23.7 | 24.3 | 26.7 | 28.0 | 25.4 | 25.4 | 25.3 |
| Morelos | 19.7 | 22.1 | 23.1 | 26.1 | 25.9 | 22.5 | 23.5 | 23.9 |
| Nayarit | 21.2 | 22.2 | 23.2 | 25.1 | 26.8 | 26.2 | 26.1 | 26.5 |
| Nuevo León | 15.0 | 20.0 | 22.7 | 22.9 | 25.3 | 27.2 | 27.8 | 28.8 |
| Oaxaca | 21.1 | 21.5 | 23.6 | 26.2 | 27.5 | 25.5 | 25.4 | 25.8 |
| Puebla | 17.2 | 18.5 | 19.8 | 22.6 | 23.8 | 22.2 | 21.9 | 22.1 |
| Querétaro | 16.4 | 18.7 | 20.1 | 23.2 | 24.4 | 22.6 | 22.4 | 22.9 |
| Quintana Roo | 23.2 | 23.5 | 26.2 | 28.1 | 30.2 | 30.1 | 29.9 | 30.1 |
| San Luis Potosí | 15.4 | 18.3 | 20.1 | 23.4 | 24.6 | 23.6 | 23.4 | 24.2 |
| Sinaloa | 20.9 | 22.0 | 24.8 | 26.3 | 27.8 | 30.2 | 30.3 | 30.0 |
| Sonora | 16.2 | 19.2 | 23.5 | 23.7 | 26.4 | 31.5 | 31.7 | 31.9 |
| Tabasco | 23.4 | 23.9 | 26.8 | 29.6 | 31.4 | 30.4 | 30.5 | 30.5 |
| Tamaulipas | 16.7 | 20.7 | 24.0 | 25.5 | 27.5 | 29.1 | 29.6 | 30.5 |
| Tlaxcala | 13.2 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 17.8 | 19.1 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.7 |
| Veracruz | 20.5 | 21.6 | 24.2 | 27.0 | 28.9 | 28.4 | 27.9 | 27.9 |
| Yucatán | 23.3 | 24.0 | 26.6 | 28.6 | 30.9 | 30.4 | 30.4 | 30.0 |
| Zacatecas | 13.4 | 16.8 | 17.9 | 20.8 | 22.0 | 21.0 | 20.8 | 21.2 |
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Monthly minimum temperature by state (°C)
| State | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | 6.8 | 7.9 | 9.7 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 15.2 | 14.5 | 14.2 |
| Baja California | 11.2 | 12.1 | 15.5 | 15.0 | 15.7 | 20.4 | 24.2 | 25.3 |
| Baja California Sur | 14.0 | 14.5 | 17.2 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 21.5 | 24.1 | 25.8 |
| Campeche | 16.7 | 16.5 | 20.4 | 22.9 | 25.0 | 25.1 | 24.1 | 23.9 |
| Chiapas | 17.1 | 16.3 | 19.9 | 21.7 | 23.1 | 22.7 | 22.4 | 22.8 |
| Chihuahua | 2.0 | 5.0 | 8.6 | 11.8 | 13.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.4 |
| Ciudad de México | 4.5 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 10.4 |
| Coahuila | 4.9 | 9.1 | 12.9 | 15.9 | 18.1 | 21.4 | 21.5 | 22.0 |
| Colima | 19.3 | 19.4 | 18.9 | 20.9 | 23.4 | 24.0 | 23.9 | 23.6 |
| Durango | 5.5 | 7.1 | 9.5 | 12.1 | 14.6 | 17.4 | 16.5 | 16.4 |
| Guanajuato | 8.6 | 9.4 | 11.2 | 14.7 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 15.5 | 15.7 |
| Guerrero | 17.2 | 17.2 | 17.9 | 20.5 | 22.2 | 21.0 | 20.9 | 20.8 |
| Hidalgo | 7.7 | 7.8 | 9.8 | 13.5 | 15.0 | 15.6 | 14.6 | 14.7 |
| Jalisco | 11.3 | 12.2 | 12.9 | 15.0 | 17.6 | 18.4 | 17.9 | 17.7 |
| Estado de México | 6.3 | 6.1 | 8.4 | 11.7 | 12.8 | 13.0 | 12.2 | 12.3 |
| Michoacán | 13.3 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 17.6 | 19.6 | 19.3 | 18.6 | 18.2 |
| Morelos | 10.5 | 11.8 | 14.2 | 17.3 | 16.9 | 15.2 | 15.3 | 15.4 |
| Nayarit | 14.0 | 14.2 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 19.2 | 21.0 | 20.6 | 20.5 |
| Nuevo León | 7.7 | 11.5 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 18.7 | 20.8 | 20.8 | 21.4 |
| Oaxaca | 13.4 | 12.9 | 15.8 | 18.6 | 20.5 | 19.9 | 19.3 | 19.7 |
| Puebla | 8.5 | 8.4 | 10.8 | 13.9 | 15.4 | 15.6 | 14.3 | 14.3 |
| Querétaro | 9.4 | 9.8 | 11.9 | 15.5 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 16.0 | 15.9 |
| Quintana Roo | 17.5 | 16.7 | 20.4 | 22.5 | 25.3 | 25.7 | 24.8 | 24.7 |
| San Luis Potosí | 7.5 | 8.5 | 10.9 | 14.8 | 16.4 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 16.6 |
| Sinaloa | 12.8 | 13.3 | 16.9 | 17.6 | 19.3 | 23.7 | 24.0 | 23.7 |
| Sonora | 8.8 | 11.3 | 14.8 | 15.8 | 18.4 | 24.5 | 25.8 | 25.4 |
| Tabasco | 19.7 | 19.2 | 22.8 | 25.0 | 26.7 | 26.2 | 26.1 | 25.9 |
| Tamaulipas | 10.0 | 12.3 | 16.1 | 19.7 | 21.5 | 23.7 | 22.8 | 23.2 |
| Tlaxcala | 3.8 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 8.3 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 9.8 | 9.7 |
| Veracruz | 15.8 | 15.9 | 18.9 | 21.8 | 23.2 | 23.4 | 23.0 | 22.8 |
| Yucatán | 16.9 | 16.5 | 20.0 | 21.6 | 24.2 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 23.4 |
| Zacatecas | 6.1 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 11.9 | 13.7 | 14.3 | 13.8 | 13.9 |
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Stations used
| Id | Name | State | Latitude | Longitude | Altitude (m) | Days with data (Tmax) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MXM00076040 | Ejido Nuevo Leon (Obs) | Baja California | 32.4 | −115.2 | 11.3 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076055 | San Felipe Bcn | Baja California | 31.0 | −114.8 | 15.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076061 | Puerto Penasco | Sonora | 31.3 | −113.5 | 62.0 | 32.0 |
| MXM00076118 | Nacozari (Smn) | Sonora | 30.4 | −109.7 | 1099.7 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076311 | Choix | Sinaloa | 26.7 | −108.3 | 237.7 | 61.0 |
| MXM00076323 | Hidalgo Del Parral | Chihuahua | 26.9 | −105.7 | 1661.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076390 | Saltillo | Coahuila | 25.4 | −101.0 | 1790.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076402 | Ciudad Constitucion | Baja California Sur | 24.9 | −111.7 | 48.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076405 | La Paz (City) | Baja California Sur | 24.2 | −110.3 | 18.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076423 | Durango | Durango | 24.1 | −104.6 | 1872.0 | 77.0 |
| MXM00076458 | Colonia Juan Carras | Sinaloa | 23.2 | −106.4 | 4.0 | 77.0 |
| MXM00076491 | Ciudad Victoria | Tamaulipas | 23.7 | −99.1 | 355.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076519 | Colotlan | Jalisco | 22.1 | −103.3 | 1673.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076525 | Zacatecas Zac. (La Bufa | Zacatecas | 22.8 | −102.6 | 2612.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076548 | Tampico | Tamaulipas | 22.2 | −97.8 | 25.0 | 65.0 |
| MXM00076573 | Lagos De Moreno | Jalisco | 21.4 | −101.9 | 1942.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076581 | Rio Verde | San Luis Potosí | 21.9 | −100.0 | 983.0 | 74.0 |
| MXM00076593 | Progreso | Yucatán | 21.3 | −89.7 | 2.4 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076612 | Guadalajara | Jalisco | 20.7 | −103.4 | 1583.0 | 23.0 |
| MXM00076632 | Pachuca | Hidalgo | 20.1 | −98.8 | 2435.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076634 | Tulancingo | Hidalgo | 20.1 | −98.4 | 2181.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076640 | Tuxpan.Ver. | Veracruz | 20.9 | −97.4 | 28.0 | 68.0 |
| MXM00076647 | Valladolid | Yucatán | 20.7 | −88.2 | 27.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076654 | Manzanillo | Colima | 19.1 | −104.3 | 3.0 | 48.0 |
| MXM00076656 | Ciudad Guzman | Jalisco | 19.7 | −103.5 | 1515.0 | 52.0 |
| MXM00076662 | Zamora | Michoacán | 20.0 | −102.3 | 1540.0 | 81.0 |
| MXM00076665 | Morelia | Michoacán | 19.7 | −101.2 | 1913.0 | 19.0 |
| MXM00076675 | Toluca (Obs) | Estado de México | 19.3 | −99.7 | 2725.8 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076680 | Mexico City | Ciudad de México | 19.4 | −99.2 | 2303.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076683 | Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge) | Tlaxcala | 19.3 | −98.2 | 2229.9 | 35.0 |
| MXM00076687 | Jalapa | Veracruz | 19.6 | −96.9 | 1389.0 | 19.0 |
| MXM00076692 | Hacienda Ylang Ylang Veracruz | Veracruz | 19.1 | −96.1 | 16.0 | 29.0 |
| MXM00076737 | Orizaba | Veracruz | 18.9 | −97.1 | 1259.0 | 45.0 |
| MXM00076741 | Coatzacoalcos | Veracruz | 18.1 | −94.4 | 22.0 | 29.0 |
| MXM00076743 | Villahermosa | Tabasco | 18.0 | −92.9 | 16.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076762 | Chilpancingo Ro. | Guerrero | 17.6 | −99.5 | 1265.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076773 | Huajuapan De Leon (Dge) | Oaxaca | 17.8 | −97.8 | 1583.7 | 29.0 |
| MXM00076775 | Oaxaca | Oaxaca | 17.1 | −96.7 | 1518.0 | 77.0 |
| MXM00076805 | Acapulco | Guerrero | 16.8 | −99.9 | 3.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076833 | Salina Cruz | Oaxaca | 16.2 | −95.2 | 9.8 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076840 | Temosachi (Obs) | Chihuahua | 28.9 | −107.8 | 1931.8 | 23.0 |
| MXM00076843 | Francisco Sarabia | Chiapas | 16.8 | −93.3 | 1051.9 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076845 | Sn. Cristobal Las Casas | Chiapas | 16.8 | −92.6 | 2116.0 | 65.0 |
| MXM00076848 | Comitan | Chiapas | 16.2 | −92.1 | 1646.0 | 71.0 |
| MXM00076855 | Puerto Angel | Oaxaca | 15.7 | −96.5 | 46.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076903 | Tapachula | Chiapas | 14.9 | −92.2 | 118.0 | 0.0 |
Source: NOAA NCEI
11 Glossary, methodology and sources
Anomaly: difference between the observed value and its 1991–2020 normal. Percent of normal: observed total divided by the normal, times 100. Station record: most extreme daily value for the same month in all earlier years of record (at least 20 years).
Temperature: CPC_TEMP (0.5° daily grid); mean temperature is (Tmax + Tmin)/2. Precipitation: CHIRPS. National, regional and state averages are weighted by the area of each grid cell inside each polygon. Normals refer to 1991-2020; ranks compare values rounded to one decimal. Stations: GHCN-Daily (NOAA NCEI); values flagged by its quality control are discarded, as are daily values more than 5 robust standard deviations from the station median and variables whose monthly anomaly differs by more than 3 °C from the gridded analysis. Period means require at least 80% of days with data and station normals at least 20 complete years. This report is generated automatically and does not replace official information from the national meteorological service.
| Source | Product | License | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| UCSB Climate Hazards Center | CHIRPS v3.0, 0.05° | See provider terms | Climate Hazards Center, UC Santa Barbara. CHIRPS v3.0. |
| NOAA CPC | ONI, Niño-region SST indices (OISST v2.1), NAO and AO | Public domain (NOAA) | NOAA Climate Prediction Center climate indices. |
| NOAA CPC / PSL | CPC Global Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation, 0.5° | Public domain (NOAA) | CPC Global Unified Precipitation data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| NOAA CPC / PSL | CPC Global Unified Temperature, daily 0.5° | Public domain (NOAA) | CPC Global Unified Temperature data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| NOAA NCEI / PSL | Extended Reconstructed SST v5 (ERSST v5), 2° | Public domain (NOAA) | Huang et al. (2017), J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1 |
| GDACS | Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System event list | See provider terms | — |
| NOAA NCEI | GHCN-Daily | Public domain (NOAA) | Menne et al. (2012), J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1 |
| NOAA NCEI | IBTrACS v04r01 tropical-cyclone best tracks | Public domain (NOAA) | Knapp et al. (2010), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1 |
| NOAA NCEI | Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (ERSST v5) | Public domain (NOAA) | — |
| NOAA CPC | North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) tercile probabilities, 1° | Public domain (NOAA) | Kirtman et al. (2014), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1 |
| NOAA PSL | Real-time OLR MJO Index (ROMI) | Public domain (NOAA) | Kiladis et al. (2014), Mon. Wea. Rev., doi:10.1175/MWR-D-13-00301.1 |
| geoBoundaries | geoBoundaries gbOpen (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI)) | Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO) | — |
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